ABSTRACT
Introduction: The communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve is an important anatomicalvariation to occur having serious implications during surgical procedures on arm if unnoticed and without priorknowledge.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 80 upper limbs of 40 adult human cadavers (Female:10 and Male: 30) in the Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College (Government), Vijayawada and theDepartment of Anatomy, N.R.I. Medical College, Guntur over a period of 4 years (2014 to 2018) during educationaldissections.Results: The communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve was observed in present study,which is classified in accordance with previous classifications described in the literature. In present study theincidence of communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve is 25%.Conclusion: Prior knowledge of this communication between musculocutaneous and median nerves in the arm isimportant to avoid the surgical damage to the nerves and also explain unusual clinical presentation in shoulderinjuries
ABSTRACT
Context: Many different patterns have been described to classify the origins of circumflex femoral arteries by many authors since from 1860.The aim of the present study was to classify the circumflex femoral arteries in 100 lower limbs of adult cadavers of both sexes following the recent classification and to compare with the previous studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 lower limbs of 50 embalmed human adult cadavers (Male: 37, Female: 13) were dissected and observed for the origins of circumflex femoral arteries in femoral triangle in routine educational dissection in the period of 2005-2009 Results: The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries have been classified into three different patterns based on the levels of their origin. Pattern I: Both arteries arose from the profunda femoris artery (56%). Type Ia, medial circumflex femoral artery origin was proximal to the lateral circumflex femoral artery origin (69%); Type Ib, lateral circumflex femoral artery origin was proximal to medial circumflex femoral artery origin (16 %); Type Ic, both arteries arose from a common trunk or at same level (14%). Pattern II: One of the arteries arose from the femoral artery and the other from the profunda femoris artery (36%). Type IIa, the medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the femoral artery (75%) and Type IIb, the lateral circumflex femoral artery arose from the femoral artery (25%).Pattern III: Both arteries arose from the femoral artery (7%). The medial circumflex femoral artery was absent in a female cadaver on right side. Conclusion: In every pattern or type, there was significantly unilateral higher occurrence than bilateral occurrence. A precise knowledge of the circumflex femoral arteries in relation to the profunda femoris artery is important in surgical interventions of the hip region.